Author name: JP Hong

Emotional TTS technology illustrated alongside human laryngeal physiology
ENT × AI, Tech & Medicine

How Emotional TTS Works

AI voices can now express emotions convincingly. From an otolaryngologist’s clinical lens, see how emotional TTS reverse-engineers the larynx — and where the technology still falls short of human speech.

Anatomy of a Duchenne smile: comparison of zygomaticus major activation alone (fake smile) versus combined zygomaticus and orbicularis oculi activation (genuine smile) with crow's feet
ENT Insights

Duchenne Smile: Why Fake Smiles Look Fake (An ENT View)

Why do fake smiles look fake? The answer is a muscle around the eye that most people can’t consciously contract. From the original Duchenne smile experiments to Bell’s palsy recovery and synkinesis treatment with botulinum toxin, this piece walks through the anatomy, neurology, and ENT clinical use of the same facial signal.

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